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Brief introduction
Journal: Journal of Guangdong Ocean University
Date of First Issue: 1975
Responsible Institution: Department of Education of Guangdong Province
Sponsor: Guangdong Ocean University
Publication frequency: Bimonthly
Phone: 0759-2396013, 0759-2396035
Email: gdouj@vip.163.com; gdouj@gdou.edu.cn
CN: 44-1635/N
ISSN: 1673-9159
Editors: LIU Fei, 17875197989 ; LIU Qingying, 18902504696; LIU Ling, 13828286627; ZENG Ting, 13476012662
Effects of Dietary Fishmeal Replacement with Sea Cucumber Intestine Meal at Different Feeding Rates on Growth Performance and Physical Health of Sebastes schlegelii
HAO Tiantian;YU Chaolei;LI Lu;WANG Chengqiang;CAO Tihong;HUANG Long;XU Xihan;HUANG Bingshan;ZHANG Jian;【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of feeding rate on the growth and physiological health of Sebastes schlegelii with dietary fish meal replaced by different levels of Apostichopus japonicus intestinal meal, and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of fish meal alternative resources and the optimization of precision feeding technology. 【Method】 A 3 × 4 two-factor experiment, designing three daily feeding rates(mass fraction 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%) and four substitution levels(mass fraction 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%), was conducted in the cage culture for 7 weeks, each treatment had three replicates, and each replicate contained 20 S. schlegelii with an initial body mass of(127.00 ± 0.50) g. The growth, body composition, non-specific immune indicators, digestive enzymes, and serum metabolism of S. schlegelii were measured. 【Result】 After an 7 weeks feeding trial, the final bodymass, mass gain rate and specific growth rate all exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by subsequent decrease as the replacement level of A. japonicus intestine meal increased. These growth parameters were significantly higher in the 1% replacement group(192.20 g, 55.87%, 0.84%/d) than those in the 0% and 3% replacement groups. In contrast, the feed conversion ratio in the 2% replacement group(1.97) was significantly lower than that in the 0% and 3% replacement groups, with no significant difference observed between the 2% and 1% replacement groups. At a daily feeding rate of 4.5%, final body mass, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio(181.77 g, 0.73%/d, 0.91%) were significantly lower than those at daily feeding rates of 1.5% and 3.0%, while the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the 4.5% daily feeding rate group(2.53) compared to the 1.5% and 3.0% daily feeding rate groups. The moisture and ash contents in whole body was unaffected by feeding rates, but the ash content was significantly increased with dietary A. japonicus intestine meal(14.93%). Compared with the 0% replacement group, the crude protein mass fraction in whole fish was significantly decreased in the 1% to 3% replacement groups(51.12%, 51.98%,51.38%). The crude lipid content in whole fish was significantly higher in the 1% replacement group(30.15%) than that in all other groups, whereas the crude ash content showed a significant increasing trend and was significantly higher in the 3% replacement group(14.93%) than that in the other groups. An increase in the daily feeding rate from 1.5% to 3.0% had no significant effect on the crude protein and crude lipid mass fraction in whole fish. However, the 4.5% daily feeding rate significantly reduced the crude protein and crude lipid contents in whole fish(51.72%, 28.12%). The activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase were significantly affected by the dual effects of dietary replacement level and daily feeding rate. Increasing the daily feeding rate from 1.5% to 4.5% led to significant reductions in the activities of these three enzymes(1.13 U/μg, 1.62 U/g, 1.33 U/mg). As the dietary replacement level increased from 0% to 3%, the activities of trypsin, lipase, and amylase all exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, peaking in the 1% replacement group, where the values(13.87 U/μg, 3.57 U/g, 2.93 U/mg) were significantly higher than those in the 0% and 3% replacement groups. With the increase in the replacement level of A. japonicus intestine meal, the activity of γ-GT showed an increasing then decreasing trend and peaked at the 2% replacement level(13.56 U/L), being significantly higher than that in all other groups. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen displayed an increasing trend and was significantly higher in the 3% replacement group(1.92 mmol/L) than that in the other groups. 3% subsititution level significantly influenced the contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol(2.32, 3.58 mmol/L). α = 0.05. 【Conclusion】 Replacing 1% – 2% of fish meal with A. japonicusr intestine meal at daily feeding rates of 1.5% – 3.0% are more conducive to the growth and health of S. schlegelii.
Effects of Feeding Level and Frequency on Growth, Digestion and Nonspecific Immune Capability of Large Size Lateolabrax japonicus
WANG Chengqiang;XIANG Zhiwei;WANG Xiaoyan;HAO Tiantian;ZANG Jinjian;LI Huadong;SONG Zhidong;LI Lu;HUANG Bingshan;ZHANG Jian;Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute/Engineering and Research Center of Marine Fishery Feed of Shandong Province/Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food;【Objective】 This study aimes to investigate the effects of feeding level and frequency on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities, non-specific immunity and anti-stress ability of large sized Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus), thereby providing a scientific basis for developing feeding strategies for cage culture of large-sized Japanese seabass. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a sea cage culture system using spotted seabass with an initial body mass of(250.32 ± 7.58) g as the research subject. For the feeding level trial, a feeding frequency of 2 times/d was adopted, with four feeding levels at 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of body mass. For the feeding frequency trial, apparent satiation feeding was implemented, with three feeding frequencies at 1, 2, and 3 times/d. Each treatment had three replicates, and each replicate contained 20 fish. After a 70-day culture, parameters including growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, serum nonspecific immunity, and stress resistance indices were measured. 【Result】 1) Results of the feeding level trial showed that, the mass gain rate and specific growth rate of Japanese seabass reached their maximum values in the 4% feeding level group(106.18% and 1.03%/d), which were significantly higher than those in the 1% group(80.42% and 0.84%/d), but showed no significant differences compared with the 2% and 3% groups. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in the 2% group(1.23), significantly lower than that in the 3% and 4% groups(1.44 and 1.58). The hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were also highest in the 4% group. The whole-body crude lipid mass fraction was highest in the 4% group(30.97%), significantly higher than that in other three groups, while the crude protein content showed an opposite trend. No significant differences in muscle crude protein or crude lipid contents were observed among the groups. The activities of intestinal protease and lipase were relatively high at the 2% and 3% groups. The superoxide dismutase of serum activity was highest in the 3% group(284.97 U/mg), significantly higher than that in the 1% and 4% groups but not significantly different from the 2% group. Conversely, the malondialdehyde molality reached its maximum in the 1% group(11.32 nmol/mg). The activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase exhibited trends opposite to that of superoxide dismutase. In the 2% and 3% groups, the creatine kinase, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone contents of serum were relatively low, significantly lower than those in the 1% and 4% groups. 2) Results of the feeding frequency trial showed that, the mass gain rate and specific growth rate of Japanese seabass peaked in the 2 times/d group(80.42% and 0.84%/d), which were significantly higher than those in the 1 time/d group(69.80% and 0.76%/d), and the feed conversion ratio showed an opposite trend to mass gain rate. The condition factor showed no significant difference between the 2 and 3 times/d groups, and both values were significantly higher than that in the 1 time/d group. Different feeding frequencies had no significant effect on the chemical composition of whole body or muscle. Intestinal protease activity was highest at the 2 times/d group(715.63 U/mg), and lipase activity reached relatively high levels in the 2 and 3 times/d groups(1.40 and 1.58 U/g), both significantly higher than that in the 1 time/d group. The superoxide dismutase activity of serum was highest in the 2 times/d group, significantly higher than that in the other two groups, and the activities of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase showed the same trend as superoxide dismutase. The creatine kinase, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone contents of serum were relatively low in the 2 and 3 times/d groups, significantly lower than those in the 1 time/d group. α = 0.05 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this study, considering practical production and cost reduction, a feeding level of 2% of body mass and a feeding frequency of 2 times/d are recommended for large-sized Japanese seabass.
Effects of Different Chinese Herbal Medicines on Growth Performance, Antioxidant, Digestive Indexes and Intestinal Flora of Pearl Gentian Grouper
WANG Feng'ang;ZHANG Dan;LI Yaqing;GAO Jinwei;DOU Yong;ZHOU Wenli;XIA Sudong;【Objective】 To explore the effects of different Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on growth performance, serum physiological and biochemical indexes, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, liver antioxidant immune function and intestinal flora structure of pearl gentian grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂), and to provide theoretical basis for the application of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives in the healthy breeding of pearl gentian grouper. 【Method】 A feeding trial lasting 56 days was conducted using the pearl gentian grouper with initial body mass of(17.64 ± 0.20) g as the research object, and seven treatment groups were set up, including control group, 1%(implying mass fraction in feed, the same below) Rabdosiae Rubescentis Herba(Rabdosia rubescens) group, 2% R. rubescens group, 1% R. rubescens compound group, 2% R. rubescens compound group, 1% Xiaoyao San group and 2% Xiaoyao San group, with three replicates in each group and 15 fish in each replicate. The growth performance, body shape index, serum physiological and biochemical indexes, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, liver antioxidant and non-specific immune indexes of the fish were measured, and the composition of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. 【Result】 Different Chinese herbal medicine additives had significant effects on the growth performance, digestive ability, antioxidant immune status and intestinal flora structure of pearl gentian grouper. Compared with the control group, the final average mass, mass gain rate and specific growth rate of 1% R. rubescens group, 1% R. rubescens compound group, 2% R. rubescens compound group and 1% Xiaoyao San group were significantly increased. Serum biochemical indicators showed that the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in each Chinese herbal medicine addition group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The results of digestive enzyme showed that the amylase activity of 1% R. rubescens compound group, 2% R. rubescens compound group, 1% Xiaoyao San group, 2% Xiaoyao San group and 2% R. rubescens group was significantly higher than that of 1% R. rubescens group and control group. The pepsin activity of 2% R. rubescens compound group was significantly higher than that of 1% R. rubescens group, 2% R. rubescens group, 1% Xiaoyao San group and control group. The liver antioxidant and immune indexes showed that the catalase activity of 1% R. rubescens group, 2% R. rubescens group and 2% Xiaoyao San group were significantly increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase in 2% R. rubescens compound group and 2% Xiaoyao San group were significantly higher than that in other treatment groups. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde in the 2% R. rubescens compound group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The analysis of intestinal flora showed that the richness of intestinal flora in the Chinese herbal medicine addition groups were higher than that in the control group, and there were differences in the structure of intestinal flora in each group. At the genus level, the abundance of Lactococcus in Xiaoyao San group was higher, the abundance of Bacillus in R. rubescens group was higher, and the abundance of Vibrio in 1% R. rubescens group, 1% R. rubescens compound group, 2% R. rubescens compound group, 1% Xiaoyao San group and 2% Xiaoyao San group were significantly lower than that in control group. α = 0.05. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the comprehensive effect of adding 2 % R. rubescens compound Chinese herbal medicine is the best, which can be used as a potential green feed additive to promote the healthy breeding of pearl gentian grouper.
Control Efficacy of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Against Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis-induced Pustule Disease in Yesso Scallop
ZHANG Chunxin;ZUO Wenting;DAI Wei;DONG Shaojie;SONG Lun;LU Zhengyi;YOU Hongzheng;CHEN Yun;BI Xiangdong;【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of compound Chinese herbal medicines(CCHM) on pustule disease in Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis) caused by Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and to provide potential compound herbal schemes for the green prevention and control of this disease. 【Methods】 A CCHM composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Rheum officinale, Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis at a mass ratio of 4∶ 3∶ 2∶ 1 was supplemented to the diet at a mass fraction of 0.5%, and P. yessoensis were fed continuously with this diet for 12 d. According to the 72 h LD50 determined in pre-experiments, an artificial infection challenge test was performed via adductor muscle injection with 0.1 mL bacterial suspension of P. tetraodonis at a concentration of 2.09 × 108 CFU/mL. During the experiment, a dominant bacterial strain was isolated from the lesions, identified to the species level through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The effects of CCHM on survival rate, hepatic tissue structure, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, and non-specific immune indices were also evaluated. 【Results】 The strain A1 was identified as P. tetraodonis. Feeding with CCHM significantly increased the survival rate of infected scallops(from 32% to 88%, P < 0.05) and effectively alleviated histopathological damage in the hepatic tissues. Furthermore, CCHM significantly enhanced the activities of hepatic catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)(by approximately 167% and 376%, respectively, P < 0.05), maintained stable leukocyte counts during infection, and differentially regulated the expression of hepatic proinflammatory factors, significantly up-regulated hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) level and down-regulated interleukin-17(IL-17) level in infected scallops(P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of CCHM at a mass fraction of 0.5% to the feed can effectively prevent and control pustule disease in Yesso scallop(P. yessoensis) induced by P. tetraodonis.
Effects of Short-term Rearing in Gallic Acid on Antioxidant Capacity and Muscle Quality of Micropterus salmoides
SONG Xiangyue;PI Yuxuan;HU Ao;XIONG Guangquan;WANG Lan;SHI Liu;GUO Xiaojia;WANG Chao;CHEN Sheng;【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of short-term rearing with gallic acid on the antioxidant status of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) subjected to capture stress and to determine the appropriate rearing concentration, and to evaluate its regulatory role of gallic acid in mitigating stress responses and maintaining basic muscle quality during simulated transport. 【Methods】 Largemouth bass subjected to capture stress were reared in water containing 0, 5, and 20 mg/L gallic acid(GA) for 7 days. The effects of this treatment on the histological structure of the liver, spleen, and kidney, as well as on antioxidant enzyme activities and the expression of antioxidant-and inflammationrelated genes were analyzed to screen for the optimal GA concentration. Subsequently, simulated transport trials lasting 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours were conducted on the fish treated with the optimal GA concentration. Blood stress indicators and changes in basic muscle quality were measured during transport, and the integrated biomarker response(IBR) was employed to comprehensively assess the health status of the fish under transport stress. 【Results】 Conditioning for 7 days alleviated captureinduced oxidative stress and promoted recovery of the antioxidant status in the liver, spleen, and kidney. Compared with the water-only conditioning group, the 5 mg/L GA treatment showed the best effects, reducing hepatocyte dispersion, swelling, and vacuolization, as well as decreasing macrophage aggregation in the spleen and kidney. After 5 mg/L GA treatment, GSH content and GSH-Px activity significantly increased: in the liver, from 13.57 and 25.36 U/mg to 15.89 and 27.92 U/mg, respectively; in the spleen, from 5.60 and 12.30 U/mg to 5.98 and 13.58 U/mg, respectively; and in the kidney, from 10.49 and 32.31 U/mg to 12.06 and 34.33 U/mg, respectively. The response of the Nrf2/Keap1-related antioxidant pathway was also promoted. Simulated transport results showed that, compared with the water-only conditioning group, 5 mg/L GA treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels during 0 – 24 h of transport, improved flesh color, and significantly decreased blood cortisol levels during 6 – 24 h of transport. IBR analysis indicated that the GA-treated group exhibited lower overall stress levels at each transport time point. 【Conclusion】 Short-term rearing with 5 mg/L GA improves the antioxidant status of the liver, spleen, and kidney of largemouth bass, enhances the overall stress tolerance of the fish, further alleviates early transport stress, and maintains basic muscle quality after transport. These findings provide a theoretical basis for health regulation of largemouth bass prior to transport.
Effects of Replacing Squid Paste with Chicken Liver Paste on Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota, and Transcriptome for Pearl Gentian Grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)
LIANG Peng;LIN Huaxing;CHEN Jiandong;JIN Honghao;YANG Yundeng;XUAN Bairu;TAN Beiping;YANG Qihui;【Objective】 This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary replacement of squid paste(SP) with chicken liver paste(CLP) on antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, and intestinal transcriptome for pearl gentian grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂), and to assess its potential as an alternative ingredient to squid paste. 【Methods】 Pearl gentian grouper with an initial body mass of(23.09 ± 0.04) g were assigned to 6 dietary treatments. The control diet(CLP-0) contained mass fraction 5.00% squid paste and no chicken liver paste, whereas the remaining diets where chicken liver paste was included at the expense of squid paste in equal gradients, namely the dietary levels of squid paste were set at 4.00%, 3.00%, 2.00%, 1.00%, and 0.00%, respectively, while the corresponding levels of chicken liver paste were increased to 1.00%, 2.00%, 3.00%, 4.00%, and 5.00%, named CLP-1 to CLP-5, respectively. An 8 week feeding trial was conducted. Then, the growth performance and antioxidant-related indices were analyzed, as well as the histological observation, intestinal microbiota sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. 【Results】 The survival rate of pearl gentian grouper remained at 100% in all treatment groups. Compared with the control group, the final mean body mass [(84.19 ± 2.93) g] of fish in the CLP-1 group was significantly increased(P < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio(0.89 ± 0.01) was significantly reduced(P < 0.05). No significant differences in final mean body mass or feed conversion ratio were observed between the other replacement groups and the control group(P > 0.05). SOD activity in all replacement groups [(59.10 ± 5.60) to(90.55 ± 6.95) ng/mg] significantly increased compared to that in the control group [(39.16 ± 4.31) ng/mg, P < 0.05). CAT activity significantly increased in the CLP-1, CLP-2, CLP-4, and CLP-5 groups(P < 0.05). T-AOC in the CLP-1, CLP-2, and CLP-5 groups [from(8.83 ± 0.44) to(9.53 ± 0.38) U/mg) significantly increased, whereas that in the CLP-4 group significantly decreased to(5.35 ± 0.55) U/mg(P < 0.05). Histological observation showed that, compared with the control group, the intestinal villi in the CLP-1 and CLP-2 groups were intact in structure and neatly arranged. The muscular layer thickness significantly increased in all replacement groups [from(95.12 ± 3.19) to(147.81 ± 1.56) μm] compared to that in the control group [(55.85 ± 2.34) μm, P < 0.05]. Microbiota analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the mean relative abundances of Pseudomonadota, Vibrionaceae, and Acinetobacter tended to be lower in the CLP-2 group, whereas those of Fusobacteriota, Fusobacteriaceae, and Cetobacterium tended to be higher. Transcriptome analysis identified 800 differentially expressed genes between the CLP-1 and CLP-0 groups, including 352 upregulated and 448 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with cellular process, metabolic process, localization, binding, catalytic activity, and transporter activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to protein digestion and absorption, vitamin digestion and absorption, biotin metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, bile acid metabolism, and the intestinal immune network for IgA production. 【Conclusion】 Under the present experimental conditions, replacing SP with 1.00% or 2.00% CLP contributed to improved intestinal morphology and enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity for pearl gentian grouper, and the modulatory effect of 2.00% CLP on gut microbiota was more evident. In addition, dietary inclusion of 1.00% chicken liver paste modulated the intestinal transcriptomic profile, with differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in pathways related to nutrient digestion and absorption, lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and mucosal immunity.
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Effects of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water Combined with Ultrasonic Sterilization on Actin Structure of Tuna Meat
SUN Xiejun;LIU Xiaofang;LI Xiuxia;WANG Zhen;LI Jianrong;【Objective】 To study the effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and ultrasonic sterilization on the actin structure and cathepsin activity of Thunnus obesus during storage at 0 ℃, and the effect of cathepsin B on its actin degradation was further explored. 【Methods】 Untreated tuna was used as control, the tuna was sterilized with 55 mg/mL slightly acidic electrolytic water and 280 W ultrasonic treatment for 5 min. The changes of actin structure and related cathepsin activity of the refrigerated fish meat were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR), and endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy. Combined with the activities of cathepsins B, L, and D and molecular docking techniques, the changes in myosin structure and related cathepsin activities in tuna meat during storage at 0 ℃ after sterilization were investigated.【Results】 The electrophoretic bands of actin in control group were shallower, the decrease rate of enthalpy of denaturation in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, α-helix decreased by 69.09% in the control group and 41.33% in the experimental group. The stability of tryptophan residues in the treatment group was higher. Molecular docking showed that the polar solvation energy of actin-cathepsin B could reach-2 179.70 kJ/mol, and the hydrogen bond between the two was more frequent. 【Conclusion】 Actin in the treatment group has better thermal stability and can better protect the secondary and tertiary structure of actin. Cathepsin B plays a key role in the degradation of actin in fish. The driving force of the binding of actin and cathepsin B is polar solvation energy, and hydrogen bond plays a major role in the binding of both. The study can provide a theoretical reference for the application of weakly acidic electrolytic water in tuna storage and freshkeeping.
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Effect of Different Oxides in Natural Clay on the Pyrolysis of Spirulina
LIU Kai;XU Qing;SU Yingchen;【Objective】To investigate the effect of common oxides (Al_2O3,MgO,and SiO2) in clay on the pyrolysis behavior of Spirulina.【Method】Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fast pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the pyrolysis process and products of Spirulina.The catalytic effects of the oxides were evaluated using the FlynmWall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) kinetic models.The differences in pyrolysis temperature,residue mass,and product composition with and without the addition of oxides were compared.【Results】The introduction of oxides expanded the pyrolysis temperature range of Spirulina.SiO2 increased the yield of coke.MgO,as an alkaline catalyst,significantly inhibited the formation of acidic compounds in the pyrolysis oil,reducing their yield from 23.49%to 10.66%.MgOexhibited the strongest catalytic effect on Spirulina pyrolysis.The catalytic effectiveness followed the order:MgO>Al_2O3>SiO2.Kinetic analysis showed that after the addition of oxides,the average activation energy of Spirulina pyrolysis decreased from 207.84 kJ/mol to 196.88 kJ/mol (Al_2O3),188.23kJ/mol (MgO),and 205.77 kJ/mol (SiO2).【Conclusion】This study demonstrates that clay oxides significantly influence the distribution of pyrolysis products and energy consumption in Spirulina pyrolysis.Al_2O3 and MgO exhibit notable catalytic effects,while SiO2 primarily serves as a heat transfer medium.This provides important theoretical support for the high-value pyrolysis of Spirulina.
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Isolation of Tetragenococcus halophilus from High-salt Aquatic Products and Soy Sauce Mash and Correlation betweenTheir Salt and Acid Tolerance and Gene Features
LYU Ranhui;ZHONG Yanhua;YOU Yang;YUAN Runhan;GUAN Enyi;DUAN Shan;【Objective】 Compare the differences in the core gene families of better and worse strains of Tetragenococcus halophilus in terms of salt and acid tolerance and screen the metabolic pathways and genes that may be related to salt and acid tolerance. 【Methods】 T. halophilus were isolated from highly salt aquatic products and soy sauce mash, identified by 16S rDNA sequencing.Their physiological and biochemical features were identified and salt and acid tolerance were tested. The strains with obvious differences in salt and acid resistance were classified respectively. Further genome sequencing was performed on 17 strains based on Illumina platform to compare the differences in the core gene families of the strains with obvious differences in salt and acid resistance. Respectively, the KEGG pathway and GO function were enriched and analysed for the specific core gene families of the strains with better salt-and acid-tolerance abilities. 【Results and conclusion】 All 17 strains differed in physiological and biochemical characterization, but all showed negativity for β-galactoside and xylose,and positivity for fructose, sorbose and D-ribose. Tolerance results showed significant differences among the strains. The results of genome sequencing indicated that the strains with better salt tolerance possessed 294 unique core gene families, which were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathways of pentose phosphate pathway, methane metabolism, metabolism of ascorbic acid and aldic acid, and phosphotransferase system(PTS), whilein GO function, were mainly enriched in the processes of localization, transport, establishment of localization, DNA recombination, and DNA metabolism. The strains with better acid tolerance had 191 unique core gene families, which were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathways of fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and PTS., whilein GO function, were mainly enriched in DNA recombination and DNA metabolism processes. The above pathways and functions may encompass gene features associated with salt and acid resistant properties of T. halophilus. Further analysis revealed that the genes enriched in the PTS were exactly the same for the two unique core gene families, and these genes might beclosely related to the resistance mechanism of T. halophilus.
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Several Main Calculating Equations of Properties Parameter of LiBr-H_2O
Jia Mingsheng (Engineering College of Zhanjiang Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524025)In this paper, the author makes regressive analysis of the practical data of LiBr H 2O's properties and puts forward balanced equation of LiBr H 2O and calculating equations of properties parameter about viscosity, crystalline temperature, density, specific heat at constant pressure and enthalpy, etc. The equation in regressive and inductive method has high precision and it can meet the demands of thermodynamic calculation and heat transfer calculation for two stage LiBr H 2O absorption refrigeration cycle.
The Control of Eutrophic Water in Ponds by Floating-bed Soilless Culture of Plants
Bing Xuwen Chen Jiachang (Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi Jiangsu 214081)The control of eutrophic water in ponds were tested by culturing landscape plant canna ( Cana generalis Bailey) on soilless floating beds. The results indicated that the coverage of the landscape plant correlated positively with the removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in pond water, and increase of the coverage rate of the landscape plant could increase removal rate, conductivity and chlorophyll a also significantly decreased. Results showed that water quality of eutrophic ponds was improved significantly. In eutrophic ponds , the 20% coverage of the landscape plant would be the best.
Effect of Heat Stress on Biochemical Indices in Serum and Endocrinic Function of Broilers
Liu You ;Lin Hongying; Luo Dongjun;The effect of heatstress on broilers was studied in this paper by determining theperformance,biochemical and endocrinic indices in serum The result shows that,a fewindices suchas, the body weight,feed conversion ratio,average daily weight gain, the serum protern,albumin,calcium,phosphorus and thyroxine (T3T4) were all declined significantly (P<0. 05 or P<0.01 ) in the experimental group at 30 and 50 days old. The concentration of serum potassiumdeclined significanty only in 30 days, but the concentration of serum urea nitrogen, chlorine,cortisol and the activity of lactic dehydrogense,creatine phosphokinase of serum sodium,glucosewere not affected by heat stress.
Compendium of Folk Narration
Dong Naibin Cheng Qiang (College of Literature, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200031, China)Folk narration refers to the oral narrative activities, of common people living in the bottom of the society, mainly their artistic narration. Along with the basic character of oral forms, they have the characters of flexibility, vaporization, anonymous having regional and historical texts by deletion, vivid forms and contents which cater for the public mentality, thoughts and interests, combining real facts with fantasy, as well as contradicting and compromising main stream of culture. Folk narration exists not only in the folk tales, but also in the literary texts by the letters, which reinforce the oral forms into the written forms and then into the classics. The classic texts become the new source of folk narration, which is considered as the foundation of it.
Research Survey of Chi Li's Novels in the Past Ten Years
YE Lan-tao(Literature college of Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524088)Chi Li's novels as important representative texts of Chinese contemporary literature caused a lot of research and comments.These comments attempted to explain various kinds of meanings of Chi Li's novels from the following four respects.: First,awakening of woman's consciousness.Second,all boring and helpless life viewpoints.Third,internal and external comparison of themes and structures.Forth,survey and review.This paper attempts to perfect and strengthen the knowledge of Chi Li's novels through summarizing the state in the past ten years.
On the Symbolism of Xue Baocai and Lin Daiyu
WANG Qin(Yangjiang Vocational and Technological College,Yangjiang 529500,China)Xue Baocai and Lin Daiyu were two main characters in A Dream in Red Mansions.Xue Baocai embodied the Confucianist thoughts of cultivating oneself and maintaining family harmony while Lin Daiyu embodied the Taoist thoughts of moral quality of independence.The thoughts of these two heroines were the reflection of the social life and natural life of the urban and rurat class.In this article,the author tries to explore the symbolism embodied by these two characters by analyzing the images of these two characters.
Research on Characters in The Book of Poetry in Recent Thirty Years
CHEN Li;ZHU Li-hui;It summed up the achievements of characterization in The Book of Poetry from four parts:image analysis, artistry, the cause of characteristics and moral implication in the past 30 years. The appearance and excellent qualities were described in the analysis on the female. Meanwhile, moral characters were described in the analysis about the male. The artistic techniques were always expressed by Fu, Bi, Xing and the general technique of character description. The cause of the characteristics might be the religious consciousness, aesthetic tradition and social background. The moral implication included such moral consciousness as filial piety and fraternal duty, integrity, loyalty and patriotism. The limitations of the study were the repeating analyses on characterization, lacking of deeper digging in artistic techniques and realistic significance about moral implication.
Several Main Calculating Equations of Properties Parameter of LiBr-H_2O
Jia Mingsheng (Engineering College of Zhanjiang Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524025)In this paper, the author makes regressive analysis of the practical data of LiBr H 2O's properties and puts forward balanced equation of LiBr H 2O and calculating equations of properties parameter about viscosity, crystalline temperature, density, specific heat at constant pressure and enthalpy, etc. The equation in regressive and inductive method has high precision and it can meet the demands of thermodynamic calculation and heat transfer calculation for two stage LiBr H 2O absorption refrigeration cycle.
Simulation of CDMA Communication System Based on MATLAB
ZHANG Pei-zhen,ZHANG Jian-lan(1.School of Information,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)This paper makes use of the SIMULINK simulation function of the MATLAB platform to carry out the modeling,simulation,and analysis of the integrated CDMA wireless communication system.At the same time,the important links of communication system are introduced in detail,including spread spectrum,error control coding and decoding,modulation technology and channel,etc.This simulation platform displays the communicative operation mode and superiority of CDMA effectively.